TRAVALINA PLACE OF DHAKA

Visit the Historical Places of Dhaka

Dhaka is the capital city of Bangladesh, and situated on South Asia. It was born in July month. It is positioned on the banks of Buriganga River and has huge inhabitants of about 13 million. It’s called the "City of Mosques". Dhaka is also known as the finest muslin city in the whole world, which main attraction is a kind of cotton fabric that is finely woven, making curtains, dresses and other clothing materials.

The Dhaka City was started approximate year of 1608-1610 by Subedar Islam Khan as the order of emperor Jahangir.  Now Dhaka is the midpoint of cultural, economic and political life in Bangladesh. Also Dhaka City is a place with so many remarkable places for visit. The Dhaka city is fully loaded with its own culture and beautiful people and visited by many nations from all around the world.

Here I propound some of the remarkable places to visit in Dhaka, Bangladesh:

Lalbagh Fort  

This is one of the attractive place to of Old Dhaka. It is still now from about 400 years of Dhaka city’s silent remembrance. The palace is a pattern of Mogol era. It was build by Azam, son of emperor Aorongazeb in 1678. It was continued by Nabab Shayesta Khan but, after death of Pari Bibi daughter of  Nabab Shayesta Khan was stopped it’s construction in 1684.

There are three building in area of Lalbag Fort..

1. Darbar Hall and Hammam Khana at central point.

2. Grave of Pari Bibi.

3. Shahi Mosque situated in the north-west corner.

There are also a nice-looking Gate and a garden on the wall of south side.

Armenian Church 

This is also an attractive place in Armanitola, old Dhaka. This good-looking church was built by the Armenian camp for the age of the year 1791. The big church is an beautiful ancient-looking minster whereas it’s structure back in the 17th century.

Actually Emperor Akbar was permitted to built the Armenian Church for their business, stay for live. In the year of 1781 a rich man Nicolas Catholic was build it and he gives its name Church of the Resurrection.

Tara Masjid (Star Mosque) 

This Mosque is located in Armanitola area, Dhaka, Bangladesh of the old symbol of the city. This mosque is desined by motifs of blue color stars. It was built 19^th century by Mirza Golam Pir.

It was built in the Mughal style by Mirza Golam in late 18^th century. Next time that’s mean 20^th century, Ali Jan Bepari financed the renovation of the mosque and a new veranda which is situated eastern side was added. The mosque is festooned with imported Japanese and English china clay tiles and utilized both methods of the Chinitikri application.

Jatiyo Shangshod

The National Parliament building situated at Sher-e-Bangla Nagar. Jatiyo Shangshod is built with a huge complex geometrical plan. Louis Khan was designed of it. Louis Kahn was designed it according to representing Bangladeshi Culture and heritage.

Khan’s own words:

“In the assembly I have introduced a light-giving element to the interior of the plan. If you see a series of columns you can say that the choice of columns is a choice in light. The columns as solids frame the spaces of light. Now think of it just in reverse and think that the columns are hollow and much bigger and that their walls can themselves give light, then the voids are rooms, and the column is the maker of light and can take on complex shapes and be the supporter of spaces and give light to spaces. I am working to develop the element to such an extent that it becomes a poetic entity which has its own beauty outside of its place in the composition. In this way it becomes analogous to the solid column I mentioned above as a giver of light.

It was not belief, not design, not pattern, but the essence from which an institution could emerge...”
Source: Louis I. Kahn. from Heinz Ronner, with Sharad Jhaveri and Alessandro Vasella Louis I. Kahn: Complete Works 1935-74. p236, 238.

Shahid Minar

The Shahid Minar is a national memorial in Dhaka, Bangladesh, recognized to remember those killed during the tongue Movement demonstration of 1952. February 21, 1952 many students of DU and political activists were killed when they are pomping on the road Pakistani shoulders are shoot on pomp.

When the Awami League came to the power they want to remember those martyrs. So they want to build a Shaheed Memorial structure. Current shaheed minar’s design was followed the original plan of 1957.

That’s are just few of the numerous interesting places in Dhaka. Even there are also other several places such as numerous mosques, museums and monuments which are also visit able in Dhaka. All places are open for the public. So guests are all the time welcome to come and see the Beauty of Dhaka.

TRAVELING PLACE OF DHAKA

Visit the Historical Places of Dhaka

Dhaka is the capital city of Bangladesh, and situated on South Asia. It was born in July month. It is positioned on the banks of Buriganga River and has huge inhabitants of about 13 million. It’s called the "City of Mosques". Dhaka is also known as the finest muslin city in the whole world, which main attraction is a kind of cotton fabric that is finely woven, making curtains, dresses and other clothing materials.

The Dhaka City was started approximate year of 1608-1610 by Subedar Islam Khan as the order of emperor Jahangir.  Now Dhaka is the midpoint of cultural, economic and political life in Bangladesh. Also Dhaka City is a place with so many remarkable places for visit. The Dhaka city is fully loaded with its own culture and beautiful people and visited by many nations from all around the world.

Here I propound some of the remarkable places to visit in Dhaka, Bangladesh:

 

 

Apr

20

Visit the Historical Places of Dhaka

Dhaka is the capital city of Bangladesh, and situated on South Asia. It was born in July month. It is positioned on the banks of Buriganga River and has huge inhabitants of about 13 million. It’s called the "City of Mosques". Dhaka is also known as the finest muslin city in the whole world, which main attraction is a kind of cotton fabric that is finely woven, making curtains, dresses and other clothing materials.

The Dhaka City was started approximate year of 1608-1610 by Subedar Islam Khan as the order of emperor Jahangir.  Now Dhaka is the midpoint of cultural, economic and political life in Bangladesh. Also Dhaka City is a place with so many remarkable places for visit. The Dhaka city is fully loaded with its own culture and beautiful people and visited by many nations from all around the world.

Here I propound some of the remarkable places to visit in Dhaka, Bangladesh:

Lalbagh Fort  

This is one of the attractive place to of Old Dhaka. It is still now from about 400 years of Dhaka city’s silent remembrance. The palace is a pattern of Mogol era. It was build by Azam, son of emperor Aorongazeb in 1678. It was continued by Nabab Shayesta Khan but, after death of Pari Bibi daughter of  Nabab Shayesta Khan was stopped it’s construction in 1684.

Armenian Church 

This is also an attractive place in Armanitola, old Dhaka. This good-looking church was built by the Armenian camp for the age of the year 1791. The big church is an beautiful ancient-looking minster whereas it’s structure back in the 17th century.

Actually Emperor Akbar was permitted to built the Armenian Church for their business, stay for live. In the year of 1781 a rich man Nicolas Catholic was build it and he gives its name Church of the Resurrection.

 

 

Apr

20

Visit the Historical Places of Dhaka

Dhaka is the capital city of Bangladesh, and situated on South Asia. It was born in July month. It is positioned on the banks of Buriganga River and has huge inhabitants of about 13 million. It’s called the "City of Mosques". Dhaka is also known as the finest muslin city in the whole world, which main attraction is a kind of cotton fabric that is finely woven, making curtains, dresses and other clothing materials.

The Dhaka City was started approximate year of 1608-1610 by Subedar Islam Khan as the order of emperor Jahangir.  Now Dhaka is the midpoint of cultural, economic and political life in Bangladesh. Also Dhaka City is a place with so many remarkable places for visit. The Dhaka city is fully loaded with its own culture and beautiful people and visited by many nations from all around the world.

Here I propound some of the remarkable places to visit in Dhaka, Bangladesh:

Lalbagh Fort  

This is one of the attractive place to of Old Dhaka. It is still now from about 400 years of Dhaka city’s silent remembrance. The palace is a pattern of Mogol era. It was build by Azam, son of emperor Aorongazeb in 1678. It was continued by Nabab Shayesta Khan but, after death of Pari Bibi daughter of  Nabab Shayesta Khan was stopped it’s construction in 1684.

There are three building in area of Lalbag Fort..

1. Darbar Hall and Hammam Khana at central point.

2. Grave of Pari Bibi.

3. Shahi Mosque situated in the north-west corner.

There are also a nice-looking Gate and a garden on the wall of south side.

Armenian Church 

This is also an attractive place in Armanitola, old Dhaka. This good-looking church was built by the Armenian camp for the age of the year 1791. The big church is an beautiful ancient-looking minster whereas it’s structure back in the 17th century.

Actually Emperor Akbar was permitted to built the Armenian Church for their business, stay for live. In the year of 1781 a rich man Nicolas Catholic was build it and he gives its name Church of the Resurrection.

Tara Masjid (Star Mosque) 

This Mosque is located in Armanitola area, Dhaka, Bangladesh of the old symbol of the city. This mosque is desined by motifs of blue color stars. It was built 19^th century by Mirza Golam Pir.

It was built in the Mughal style by Mirza Golam in late 18^th century. Next time that’s mean 20^th century, Ali Jan Bepari financed the renovation of the mosque and a new veranda which is situated eastern side was added. The mosque is festooned with imported Japanese and English china clay tiles and utilized both methods of the Chinitikri application.

 

Khan’s own words:

“In the assembly I have introduced a light-giving element to the interior of the plan. If you see a series of columns you can say that the choice of columns is a choice in light. The columns as solids frame the spaces of light. Now think of it just in reverse and think that the columns are hollow and much bigger and that their walls can themselves give light, then the voids are rooms, and the column is the maker of light and can take on complex shapes and be the supporter of spaces and give light to spaces. I am working to develop the element to such an extent that it becomes a poetic entity which has its own beauty outside of its place in the composition. In this way it becomes analogous to the solid column I mentioned above as a giver of light.

It was not belief, not design, not pattern, but the essence from which an institution could emerge...”

Shahid Minar

The Shahid Minar is a national memorial in Dhaka, Bangladesh, recognized to remember those killed during the tongue Movement demonstration of 1952. February 21, 1952 many students of DU and political activists were killed when they are pomping on the road Pakistani shoulders are shoot on pomp.

When the Awami League came to the power they want to remember those martyrs. So they want to build a Shaheed Memorial structure. Current shaheed minar’s design was followed the original plan of 1957.

That’s are just few of the numerous interesting places in Dhaka. Even there are also other several places such as numerous mosques, museums and monuments which are also visit able in Dhaka. All places are open for the public. So guests are all the time welcome to come and see the Beauty of Dhaka.

 

The 10 Most Surreal Places in the World

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Source: im9.eu

Surreal, fantastical, unbelievable—all of these words are the perfect descriptors for the following ten destinations. From captivating forests to dramatic cliffs to ice caves, prepare to be amazed by the world’s most surreal places:

Surreal Places: Giant’s Causeway, Northern Ireland

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Source: Dalriada Cottage

Nestled next to the Atlantic Ocean, the Giant’s Causeway in Ireland is easily one of the most incredible, bizarre natural wonders in the world. The Causeway is home to more than 40,000 columns, most of which have six sides and form a honeycomb-like pattern.

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Source Pulsar Ecard

Giant’s Causeway wasn’t always the spectacular tourist hotspot it is today, though. Created from cooled magma, it took nearly 60 million years of erosion for the columns to be visible. Scientists believe that they were finally revealed after the last Ice Age, around 15,000 years ago.

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Source: Geographically Yours

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Source: National Geographic

Thermal Springs, Pamukkale, Turkey

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Source: The Roosevelts

Take a trip to Turkey’s inner Aegean region near the River Menderes Valley and you’ll encounter Pamukkale’s thermal springs. People have bathed in these hot mineral-saturated waters for thousands of years, dubbing the area Pamukkale, or cotton castle.

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Source: Simple & Interesting

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Source: Biletnoktasi

The scallop-shaped basins of water and frozen waterfalls decorate the area’s cliffside. Here, the spring water is hot and high in calcium, magnesium sulfrate and bicarbonate. The Pamukkale hot springs flow at a rate of 400 liters per second, with their mineral-saturated flows forming its hollow, circular basins all the while.

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Turkland Travel

Surreal Places: Hvitserkur, North Iceland

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Source: Starship Asterisk

While some claim that it’s a monster, others are sure it looks most like a dragon. Either way, the natural Hvitserkur rock formation evokes all sorts of human interest. Located at the northern tip of the Vatnsnes Peninsula in Iceland, thousands of people travel to see the rock each year. The rock already has three holes in its foundation, and the structure has been reinforced with concrete to prevent further erosion. Even in pictures, viewers can see streaks of white bird droppings that drip down the edges, giving the formation the name Hvitserkur, which means white shirt.

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Source: Puzzled by Iceland

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Source: Jobs Papa

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top ten historical place

Machu Picchu

Located in southern Peru, this fascinating city lies on top of a mountain that’s only accessible by train or 4-day trek. It was an important cultural center for the Inca civilization, but was abandoned when the Spanish came. It is famously referred to as the “Lost City of the Incas.” The location was made a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1983. It was also named one of the New Seven Wonders of the World in 2007. Concerns over growing numbers of tourists have led to limitations on how many people can enter the site, though only by a fraction of what is necessary. Hopefully they will limit it even more so this site lasts for hundreds of years more.
Read more about hiking the Inca trail.
Tikal

This Mayan city-state is one of the largest and best-preserved ruins of the civilization, and was a dominant force in the Mayan world. Located in Guatemala, this place lets you experience your inner-Indy early in the morning or late at night when the tourists go home and it’s just you and the jungle. It was very serene and one of the best travel memories I have. I particularly enjoyed seeing the sunrise from atop the temples. It’s a wonderful place to explore, deserves at least two days, and is easily accessible from neighboring Belize. (Random trivia: The city at the end of Star Wars: A New Hope? Tikal!)
The Pyramids at Giza

Over 3,000 years old, and we still don’t have a good idea as to how they were built or how the Egyptians got them so precise. The Pyramids align to the stars and the solstices and contain vast chambers we still haven’t opened. I mean what do those little chambers where people can’t even crawl through mean? How did they even build them?! Aliens? They are truly a marvel of human engineering that was fit for kings. The largest one, called the Great Pyramid, was built by the Pharaoh Khufu and has limited access to it. You will also find the Sphinx in this area, another historical site that baffles researchers with its mysteries and is the subject of many conspiracy theories. Due to the Egypt revolution in 2011, tourism is drastically down though the revolution is over. If you ever wanted a time to have the pyramids to yourself, now is the time to visit.
Angkor Wat

This ancient city in Cambodia was the center of the Khmer empire that once ruled most of Southeast Asia. This empire went extinct, but not before building amazing temples and buildings that were reclaimed by the jungle for hundreds of years. Though Angkor Wat is packed with tourists, it’s still breathtaking to see. And the temple regions to the north and south see far fewer tourists than the main temple group. (Though admittedly, some of them are simply piles of stone rubble now.) The best time to visit is early in the morning before the tour groups arrive and stay late. The most popular temples are Angkor Wat, Bayon, Ta Phrom, and Angkor Thom and they always have crowds. In order to really experience the temples, you’ll need to purchase the three- or five-day pass.
See more photos of Angkor Wat.
Petra

Carved into a canyon in Arabah, Jordan, Petra was made famous by the third Indiana Jones film when he went to find the Holy Grail. Since then, everyone goes to look for it. It was “discovered” in 1812 by a Swiss explorer who followed some local tribesmen there. Prior to that, it had been forgotten to the Western world. Though its founding is not known, it appears this place had settlers as early as the 6th century B.C. Under Roman rule, the site declined rapidly and was abandoned by the late 4th century. In 1985, Petra became a UNESCO World Heritage Site and was recently named one of the New Seven Wonders of the World. It is now one of the coolest and biggest attractions in the world.
Stonehenge

Located near Salisbury, England, this megalithic structure is over 3,000 years old, and its stones come all the way from Wales. Scholars still are not sure how the builders got the stones from Wales, and have tried to replicate the feat with dismal results. Stonehenge is now fenced off, and you can no longer go into the circle. Visitors can only walk around the attraction. But it’s worth visiting for the mystery behind it and the really good audio tour.
Colosseum/Forum

The Colosseum and the Forum are right next to each other in Rome, so I included them together. Remnants of a civilization that once controlled the “known” world, these sites are breathtaking not only for their beauty but also for their history and age. You’re standing in the spot Caesar walked and gazing into the arena where gladiators battled to the death. The Colosseum has slowly crumbled throughout the ages and much of it is restricted now, especially the floor and basement where everything was organized. The Forum is great to walk around (and it’s free!!), though a ticket is required for Palatine Hill. I would definitely get a guided tour because the information presented by the authorities doesn’t go into much depth.
Check out my walking tour of Rome on how best to see all the sites in Rome.
Parthenon

Though currently getting a face-lift (and seemingly has been forever), the Parthenon is still amazing and breathtaking. The ancient temple to Athena stands as a symbol of the power of Athens and a testament to Greek civilization. Moreover, it provides a great view of Athens and nearby ruins. The surrounding ruins, temples, and buildings are equally as wondrous. Built in the 5th century B.C., the temple used to house the treasury. Over the centuries, much of it and the surrounding structures have been destroyed by war and thieves. Luckily, the structure still stands… at least for now. Note that there is scaffolding along the right side of the structure and considering it has been there for over 5 years, I doubt it is going anywhere anytime soon. They do things slowly in Greece.
Easter Island

Located out in the Pacific Ocean and a special territory of Chile, Easter Island holds Moai statues that are the only thing left of a culture that once lived here. These gigantic and amazingly carved heads are just another reminder that primitive people are not really all that primitive. The stones that attract visitors to this island are made out of volcanic ash. Many still remain in the quarry, left by the settlers as diminishing resources on the island left their tribes doomed to war that finally killed them off.
Taj Mahal

Built in the 1600s, this building is a testament to undying love. Located in Agra, India, this white marble tomb built for Emperor Shah Jahan’s deceased wife is a must-see for everyone. In 1983, it was named a UNESCO World Heritage site. The Taj sees between two and four million tourists annually. There have been recent restrictions on tourism in an effort to help protect the site. However, the greatest threat to the site is the air pollution that is destroying the white marble the building is constructed of. It too was named one of the New Seven Wonders of the World.
The world has many amazing historical sites and even if you don’t make it to these, there are plenty more out there worth seeing. The more you know about the past, the more you can understand why people act the way they do in the present.

indian top 5 historical place

 

1.  The Taj Mahal

The Taj Mahal looms fairytale-like from the banks of the Yamuna River. It's actually a tomb that contains the body of Mumtaz Mahal – the wife of Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. He had it built as an ode to his love for her. Dating back to 1630 AD, the Taj Mahal is made out of marble and took 22 years and 20,000 workers to complete. One of the most captivating things about it is the way its color appears to gradually alter in the changing light of the day.

 

2.  Hampi

Now a laid back village, Hampi was once the last capital of Vijayanagar, one of the greatest Hindu empires in India’s history. It has some extremely captivating ruins, intriguingly intermingled with large boulders that rear up all over the landscape. The ruins, which date back to the 14th century, stretch for just over 25 kilometers (10 miles) and comprise more than 500 monuments. An incredible energy can be felt at this ancient place.

 

3.  Khajuraho Temples

If you want proof that the Kama Sutra originated in India, Khajuraho is the place to see. Erotica abounds here with over 20 temples devoted to sexuality and sex. The temples are best known for their erotic sculptures. However, more than that, they show a celebration of love, life and worship. They also provide an uninhibited peek into ancient Hindu faith and Tantric practices. No where else will you find such unique temples with meticulously detailed carvings.

 

4.  Ajanta and Ellora Caves

 Astonishingly carved into hillside rock in the middle of nowhere are the Ajanta and Ellora caves. There are 34 caves at Ellora dating from between the 6th and 11th centuries AD, and 29 caves at Ajanta dating back to between the 2nd century BC and 6th century AD. While the Ajanta caves are rich in paintings and sculpture, the Ellora caves are renowned for their extraordinary architecture. The most incredible thing about these caves is that they were crafted by hand, with only a hammer and chise


 

5.  Fatehpur Sikri

A city that was once the proud capital of the Mughal Empire in the 16th century, Fatehpur Sikri now stands deserted as a well preserved ghost town. It was abandoned by its occupants after only 15 years due to insufficient water supply. Constructed out of red sandstone, Fatehpur Sikri is full of regal palaces and courtyards. You can almost feel yourself being transported back to medieval times here.

historical placeof gress

The Grassmarket is located directly below Edinburgh Castle and forms part of one of the main east-west vehicle arteries through the city centre. It adjoins the Cowgate and Candlemaker Row at the east end, the West Bow (the lower end of Victoria Street) in the north-east corner, King's Stables Road to the north west and the West Port to the west. Leading off from the south-west corner is the Vennel, on the east side of which can still be seen some of the best surviving parts of the Flodden and Telfer town walls.

Atmospheric picture of the Grassmarket tenements with the Castle shrouded in a typical Edinburgh haar

The view to the north, dominated by the castle, has long been a favourite subject of painters and photographers, making it one of the iconic views of the city.

History

First mentioned in the Registrum Magni Sigilii Regum Scotorum (1363) as "the street called Newbygging [new buildings] under the castle", the Grassmarket was, from 1477, one of Edinburgh's main market places, a part of which was given over to the sale of horse and cattle (the name apparently deriving from livestock grazing in pens beyond its western end).^[1]

Western end of Grassmarket, painted in 1845

Daniel Defoe, who visited Edinburgh in the 1720s, reports the place being used for two open air markets: the "Grass-market" and the "Horse-market". Of the West Bow at the north-east corner, considerably altered in the Victorian period, he wrote, "This street, which is called the Bow, is generally full of wholesale traders, and those very considerable dealers in iron, pitch, tar, oil, hemp, flax, linseed, painters' colours, dyers, drugs and woods, and such like heavy goods, and supplies country shopkeepers, as our wholesale dealers in England do. And here I may say, is a visible face of trade; most of them have also warehouses in Leith, where they lay up the heavier goods, and bring them hither, or sell them by patterns and samples, as they have occasion."^[2]
As a gathering point for market traders and cattle drovers, the Grassmarket was traditionally a place of taverns, hostelries and temporary lodgings, a fact still reflected in the use of some of the surrounding buildings. In the late 18th century the fly coach to London, via Dumfries and Carlisle, set out from an inn at the Cowgate Head at the eastern end of the market place.^[3] In 1803 William and Dorothy Wordsworth took rooms at the White Hart Inn, where the poet Robert Burns had stayed during his last visit to Edinburgh in 1791. In her account of the visit Dorothy described it as "not noisy, and tolerably cheap".^[4] In his 1961 film Greyfriars Bobby Walt Disney chose a lodging in the Grassmarket as the place where the Skye terrier's owner dies (depicting him as a shepherd hoping to be hired at the market rather than the real-life dog's owner, police night watchman John Gray).
The market closed in 1911 when a new municipal slaughter house at Tollcross replaced the old shambles in the western half of the Grassmarket (a road beyond the open market place) which joins King's Stables Road.
An inscribed flagstone in the central pavement in front of the White Hart Inn indicates the spot where a bomb exploded during a Zeppelin raid on the city on the night of 2–3 April 1916. Eleven people were killed in the raid, though none at this particular spot.^[5]

As a place of execution

The Grassmarket was also a traditional place of public executions.

Shadow of the gibbet next to the Covenanters Memorial

A memorial near the site once occupied by the gibbet was created by public subscription in 1937. It commemorates over 100 Covenanters who died on the gallows between 1661 and 1688 during the period known as The Killing Time. Their names, where known, are recorded on a nearby plaque. One obdurate prisoner's refusal to escape death by swearing loyalty to the Crown prompted the snide remark by the Duke of Rothes that he had chosen to "glorify God in the Grassmarket".^[6]
In 1736 the Grassmarket formed the backdrop to the Porteous Riots which ended in the lynching of a captain of the Town Guard. A plaque near the traditional execution site now marks the spot where an enraged mob brought Captain Porteous's life to a brutal end.

Maggie Dickson's Pub

A popular story in Edinburgh is that of Margaret Dickson, a fishwife from Musselburgh who was hanged in the Grassmarket in 1724 for murdering her illegitimate baby shortly after birth. After the hanging, her body was taken back to Musselburgh on a cart. However, on the way there she awoke. Since, under Scots Law, her punishment had been carried out, she could not be executed for a second time for the same crime (only later were the words "until dead" added to the sentence of hanging). Her "resurrection" was also to some extent seen as divine intervention, and so she was allowed to go free.^[7] In later life (and legend) she was referred to as "half-hangit Maggie". There is now a pub in the Grassmarket named after her.
In 1775, the young advocate James Boswell's first criminal client, John Reid from Peeblesshire, was hanged in the Grassmarket for sheep-stealing. Boswell, convinced of his client's innocence and citing Maggie Dickson's miraculous recovery, hatched a plan to recover Reid's corpse immediately after execution and have it resuscitated by surgeons. He was finally dissuaded from this course of action by a friend who warned him that the condemned man had become resigned to his fate and might well curse Boswell for bringing him back to life.^[8]
Sir Walter Scott described his memory of the Grassmarket gibbet in his novel The Heart of Midlothian published in 1818.

The fatal day was announced to the public, by the appearance of a huge black gallows-tree towards the eastern end of the Grassmarket. This ill-omened apparition was of great height, with a scaffold surrounding it, and a double ladder placed against it, for the ascent of the unhappy criminal and the executioner. As this apparatus was always arranged before dawn, it seemed as if the gallows had grown out of the earth in the course of one night, like the production of some foul demon; and I well remember the fright with which the schoolboys, when I was one of their number, used to regard these ominous signs of deadly preparation. On the night after the execution the gallows again disappeared, and was conveyed in silence and darkness to the place where it was usually deposited, which was one of the vaults under the Parliament House, or courts of justice."^[9]

Architecture

The old market area is surrounded by pubs, clubs, local retail shops, and two large Apex Hotels. Many students live in the Grassmarket, though its openness (due to the large market space) and proximity to the centre of town now tend to increase house prices.

North-east corner of the Grassmarket. Up until 1764 public hangings took place on a spot just to the left of the yellow traffic sign. Thereafter, they were carried out in the Lawnmarket until the last hanging there in 1864.

Most buildings are Victorian but some, such as the White Hart Inn and its encompassing tenement are early 18th century. Several modern buildings on its southern side disrupt the unity of the otherwise old streetscape.

Modern developments

For most of its history the Grassmarket was one of the poorest areas of the city, associated in the nineteenth century with an influx of poor Irish and the infamous murderers Burke and Hare. Up until quite recently it was still to some extent associated with homelessness and drunkenness before its rapid gentrification as a popular tourist spot. The character of the area was reflected in a number of hostels for the homeless, including that of the Salvation Army Women's Hostel (now a backpackers hostel) which existed here until the 1980s. From then on property prices started to rise sharply.

A view of the Grassmarket before its gradual rejuvenation and gentrification in the 1980s.

The area is, and always has been, dominated by a series of public houses. In recent years many have become more family-friendly and include dining areas. The council has recently further encouraged these to spill over onto outside pavements, giving the place a more Continental atmosphere.
The Grassmarket was subject to a streetscape improvement scheme carried out 2009-2010 at a cost of £5 million. Measures aimed at making the area more pedestrian-friendly included the extension of pavement café areas and the creation an "events zone".
The "shadow" of a gibbet was added in dark paving on the former gallows site (next to the Covenanters' Monument) and the line of the Flodden Wall at the western end delineated by a strip of lighter paving from the Vennel on the south side to the newly created Granny's Green Steps on the north side.

historical place of egypt

Egypt Historical Places

Visit the most historical places of Egypt and and see an exhibition of photographs showing the different historical places.

01. Abu Simbel( Ramesses II, Nefertari Temples) 19. Vestibule and Central Tomb Chamber 02. Abydos (Abtu) 20. Graeco-Roman Museum 03. Temple of Osiris 21. High Dam 04. The Osirieon 22. Montazah Complex 05. Temple of Ramesses II 23. Nubia Museum 06. Colossi of Memnon 24. Roman Theater (Kom Al-Dikka) 07. Citadel of Qaitbey 25. Temple Of Dandara 08. Edfu 26. Temple of Kom-ombo 09. Esna 27. Temple of Luxor 10. Karnak 28. Sun Temple of Ramesses II 11. Precinct of Montu 29. Nefertari's Temple of Hathor (Abu Simbel - Small Temple) 12. Precinct of Mut 30. The Great Pyramids & Sphinx 13. Karnak, Temple of Amun-Ra 31. The Egyptian museum 14. Akhenaten Temples 32. The Citadel 15. Plant Island, Gizirat al-Nabatat, Botanical Island) 33. The Unfinished Obelisk 16. Philae Temple 34. Valley of the Kings 17. St. Catherine's Monastery 35. Valley of the Queens 18. Catacombs of Kom es-Shouqafa

Abu Simbel (The Temple of Ramesses II) (The Temple of Nefertari dedicated to Hathor) Not only are the two temples at Abu Simbel among the most magnificent monuments in the world but their removal and reconstruction was an historic event in itself. When the temples (280 km from Aswan) were threatened by submersion in Lake Nasser, due to the construction of the High Dam, the Egyptian Government secured the support of UNESCO and launched a world wide appeal. During the salvage operation which began in 1964 and continued until 1968, the two temples were dismantled and raised over 60 meters up the sandstone cliff where they had been built more than 3,000 years before. Here they were reassembled, in the exact same relationship to each other and the sun, and covered with an artificial mountain. Most of the joins in the stone have now been filled by antiquity experts, but inside the temples it is still possible to see where the blocks were cut. You can also go inside the man made dome and see an exhibition of photographs showing the different stages of the massive removal project. Abu Simbel was first reported by J. L. Burckhardt in 1813, when he came over the mountain and only saw the facade of the great temple as he was preparing to leave that area via the Nile. The two temples, that of Ramesses II primarily dedicated to Re-Harakhte, and that of his wife, Nefertari dedicated to Hathor, became a must see for Victorians visiting Egypt, even though it required a trip up the Nile, and often they were covered deeply in sand, as they were when Burckhardt found them.

Abydos (Abtu) Location : Suhag, Egypt Situated on the West Bank of the Nile, 12 km south-east of Al-Ballyana, it was the chief center for worshipping the god Osiris. How to get there : By daily air conditioned trains, scheduled at regular hours. By private vehicles, taxis and tourist buses. For information and reservation contact the Upper Egypt Bus Company which organizes excursions to Al-Minya. Tel : +20-2-2609304/9297/8. Description On the west bank of the Nile, 90 miles (145 km) north of Luxor, lies the Temple of Abydos. Abydos is linked to the earliest dynasties recorded, and in 1993, the earliest known tomb was found here, along with some of the oldest hieroglyphics ever discovered. The Temple dates to around 3150 BC, and the records have provided scholars with much of what is known about the earliest periods of recorded history. This area, sacred to Osiris, was a very powerful location to those who believed in the next world. The ancient Egyptians said that at sunset, the area looked like a golden staircase leading to the afterlife, and thus many people wished to be buried here. It was here, too, that Osiris, after being killed by his brother Seth, returned to power. Seth had killed Osiris and scattered the pieces of his body all over Egypt. Osiris' wife and sister, Isis, gathered the pieces one by one, put them back together, and restored life to her husband. It was said that Abydos was where the final piece, his head, was buried, and so it was here that Osiris was brought back to life to become the judge of the dead and lord of the netherworld.

The Temple of Osiris The original Temple of Osiris was built by Seti I, who came to power 29 years after the collapse of the regime of Akhenaten. Seti wished to restore the beliefs in the traditional gods and so built this temple to show his devotion. The way leading into the temple had two courts and a pylon, which were built by Ramesses II. The way these courts and pylon were positioned gave the entrance the illusion of sloping upwards. Sadly, this entrance has been mostly destroyed. The front of the temple is now 12 rectangular pillars, covered with sacred images welcoming Osiris, Isis, and Horus. The first (outer) hypostyle hall was built by Ramesses, but the quality of the decorations on the columns are not as impressive as those found in the second (inner) hall, which Seti built. It is widely thought that Ramesses used the best craftsmen in building his own temple, but used lower quality workers on this temple after the death of Seti. Just beyond the second hall are the seven separate sanctuaries dedicated to Seti I, Osiris, Isis, Horus, Amen, Mut, and Khensu. Originally, seven doors led to the sanctuaries, but Ramesses, for reasons still unknown, had all but one covered over. When the temple was in use, each of the sanctuaries would have contained the god's barque (sacred boat), and would have had a stele placed in front of a false door. The sanctuaries were locked and only the high priests of each god could enter, as the Egyptians believed that the gods actually lived inside their sanctuaries. The sanctuaries are highly decorated with bas-relief paintings dedicated to the several gods of the temple. Many of the bas-reliefs in the sanctuaries still have their coloring, but the best decorations are the masterful unpainted moldings. One scene in Seti's sanctuary shows him being crowned by the goddess of Upper and Lower Egypt, but by far the most incredible paintings are the ones found in Osiris' sanctuary. The temple also possesses a King's Gallery, a room that lists all over its walls the names of the gods along with over 70 of Seti's predecessors (minus some omitted for political reasons such as Akhenaten and Hatsheosut), making it an invaluable resource for historians.

The Osirieon Through the rear door of the temple is the Osirieon, the only visible tomb at this site, which was built before the main temple. Much of the damage to the Osirieon has been from flooding, as it was built at water level, yet it is not much diminished. Red Aswan granite pillars, each weighing about a hundred tons apiece, support equally massive archways. This temple was built as a symbol of Seti's closeness to Osiris and contains a sarcophagus, though Seti was not buried here. Seti's actual tomb is in the Valley of the Kings in Luxor. This was a fairly common practice among many of the pharaohs, having "public" tombs in one location, but actually being buried in another. The Osirieon is currently inaccessible because of the rising sand and the flooding that has occurred. Excavation has been done on the south side passage, which revealed texts from The Book of the Gates and The Book of What is in the Duat. This section was begun by Seti and finished by his grandson, Merneptah. It is a complete tomb structure, all ready to receive the mummy of a king, yet it does not appear ever to have been used so. Abydos does have a reputation for these "false tombs" or cenotaphs. Some theorists state that Abydos does not even have a single actual tomb in it, but that all the dead who have tombs at Abydos are actually buried elsewhere. The cemeteries of northern Saqqara certainly have a great number of royal mastabas, of which many have been linked to the Archaic rulers. It is very possible that actual burials of kings and high-ranking officials were carried out at Saqqara, which is near Memphis, the new court city. Thus the monuments at Abydos are precisely that : monuments. It is fairly simple to see why this might be so. The rulers would no doubt have a desire to be buried near the place they ruled, but Abydos was also a powerful site because of its religious ties, as well as being deep in the ancient homelands. Thus, the rulers arranged to have themselves "buried" in both places. The body at Saqqara or another site, and a cenotaph built at Abydos. Of course, the reverse could be true, with Abydos as the true burial site and all the tombs at Saqqara are cenotaphs. Or perhaps the explanation involves a little bit of both, with some rulers desiring to be buried near Memphis, and others at Abydos, but each ruler building two tombs, one in each location. It would be rather unusual for the rulers to remain as visible as possible in their new capital during life, and then at death, simply passing from view. Thus much of the current consensus is that Saqqara is the actual burial site and that Abydos is the site of the royal monuments. The tombs at Saqqara as a whole are larger and more luxurious than those at Abydos (with the exception of the valley "temples" of Abydos which are immense and have no known Saqqaran counterparts), suggesting that Saqqara is the true burial site.